3.105 \(\int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{(a+b x^3)^2} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=735 \[ \frac {(-1)^{2/3} d \cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {Ci}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {d \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Ci}\left (x d+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} d \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Ci}\left (x d+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} d \sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {d \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} d \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {Ci}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Ci}\left (x d+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 (-1)^{2/3} \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Ci}\left (x d+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 (-1)^{2/3} \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a b x^2}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )} \]

[Out]

1/9*d*Ci(a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+d*x)*cos(c-a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(4/3)/b^(2/3)+1/9*(-1)^(2/3)*d*Ci((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3
)*d/b^(1/3)-d*x)*cos(c+(-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(4/3)/b^(2/3)-1/9*(-1)^(1/3)*d*Ci((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d/
b^(1/3)+d*x)*cos(c-(-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(4/3)/b^(2/3)-2/9*(-1)^(1/3)*cos(c+(-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(
1/3))*Si(-(-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+d*x)/a^(5/3)/b^(1/3)+2/9*cos(c-a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))*Si(a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+
d*x)/a^(5/3)/b^(1/3)+2/9*(-1)^(2/3)*cos(c-(-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))*Si((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+d*x)/a
^(5/3)/b^(1/3)+2/9*Ci(a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+d*x)*sin(c-a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(5/3)/b^(1/3)-1/9*d*Si(a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/
3)+d*x)*sin(c-a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(4/3)/b^(2/3)-2/9*(-1)^(1/3)*Ci((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)-d*x)*sin(c+(-1
)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(5/3)/b^(1/3)-1/9*(-1)^(2/3)*d*Si(-(-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+d*x)*sin(c+(-1)^(
1/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(4/3)/b^(2/3)+2/9*(-1)^(2/3)*Ci((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+d*x)*sin(c-(-1)^(2/3)*a
^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(5/3)/b^(1/3)+1/9*(-1)^(1/3)*d*Si((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d/b^(1/3)+d*x)*sin(c-(-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/
3)*d/b^(1/3))/a^(4/3)/b^(2/3)+1/3*sin(d*x+c)/a/b/x^2-1/3*sin(d*x+c)/b/x^2/(b*x^3+a)

________________________________________________________________________________________

Rubi [A]  time = 1.34, antiderivative size = 735, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 36, number of rules used = 8, integrand size = 16, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {3331, 3345, 3297, 3303, 3299, 3302, 3333, 3346} \[ \frac {(-1)^{2/3} d \cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {CosIntegral}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {d \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {CosIntegral}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} d \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {CosIntegral}\left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} d \sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {d \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} d \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {CosIntegral}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {CosIntegral}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 (-1)^{2/3} \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {CosIntegral}\left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+c\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 (-1)^{2/3} \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (x d+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}+\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a b x^2} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[Sin[c + d*x]/(a + b*x^3)^2,x]

[Out]

((-1)^(2/3)*d*Cos[c + ((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*CosIntegral[((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) - d*x])/(9*a^
(4/3)*b^(2/3)) + (d*Cos[c - (a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*CosIntegral[(a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*x])/(9*a^(4/3)*b^(2/3)) -
((-1)^(1/3)*d*Cos[c - ((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*CosIntegral[((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*x])/(9*a
^(4/3)*b^(2/3)) + (2*CosIntegral[(a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*x]*Sin[c - (a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)])/(9*a^(5/3)*b^(1/3))
- (2*(-1)^(1/3)*CosIntegral[((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) - d*x]*Sin[c + ((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)])/(9*
a^(5/3)*b^(1/3)) + (2*(-1)^(2/3)*CosIntegral[((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*x]*Sin[c - ((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)
*d)/b^(1/3)])/(9*a^(5/3)*b^(1/3)) + Sin[c + d*x]/(3*a*b*x^2) - Sin[c + d*x]/(3*b*x^2*(a + b*x^3)) + (2*(-1)^(1
/3)*Cos[c + ((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*SinIntegral[((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) - d*x])/(9*a^(5/3)*b^(1
/3)) + ((-1)^(2/3)*d*Sin[c + ((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*SinIntegral[((-1)^(1/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) - d*x]
)/(9*a^(4/3)*b^(2/3)) + (2*Cos[c - (a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*SinIntegral[(a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*x])/(9*a^(5/3)*b^(
1/3)) - (d*Sin[c - (a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*SinIntegral[(a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*x])/(9*a^(4/3)*b^(2/3)) + (2*(-1)^
(2/3)*Cos[c - ((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*SinIntegral[((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*x])/(9*a^(5/3)*b^
(1/3)) + ((-1)^(1/3)*d*Sin[c - ((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3)]*SinIntegral[((-1)^(2/3)*a^(1/3)*d)/b^(1/3) + d*
x])/(9*a^(4/3)*b^(2/3))

Rule 3297

Int[((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_))^(m_)*sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[((c + d*x)^(m + 1)*Sin[e + f*x])/(d*(
m + 1)), x] - Dist[f/(d*(m + 1)), Int[(c + d*x)^(m + 1)*Cos[e + f*x], x], x] /; FreeQ[{c, d, e, f}, x] && LtQ[
m, -1]

Rule 3299

Int[sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]/((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[SinIntegral[e + f*x]/d, x] /; FreeQ[{c, d,
e, f}, x] && EqQ[d*e - c*f, 0]

Rule 3302

Int[sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]/((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[CosIntegral[e - Pi/2 + f*x]/d, x] /; FreeQ
[{c, d, e, f}, x] && EqQ[d*(e - Pi/2) - c*f, 0]

Rule 3303

Int[sin[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]/((c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Dist[Cos[(d*e - c*f)/d], Int[Sin[(c*f)/d + f*x]
/(c + d*x), x], x] + Dist[Sin[(d*e - c*f)/d], Int[Cos[(c*f)/d + f*x]/(c + d*x), x], x] /; FreeQ[{c, d, e, f},
x] && NeQ[d*e - c*f, 0]

Rule 3331

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_)*Sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(x^(-n + 1)*(a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)*S
in[c + d*x])/(b*n*(p + 1)), x] + (-Dist[(-n + 1)/(b*n*(p + 1)), Int[((a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)*Sin[c + d*x])/x^n, x]
, x] - Dist[d/(b*n*(p + 1)), Int[x^(-n + 1)*(a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)*Cos[c + d*x], x], x]) /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x
] && ILtQ[p, -1] && IGtQ[n, 2]

Rule 3333

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_)*Sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)], x_Symbol] :> Int[ExpandIntegrand[Sin[c + d*x], (a +
b*x^n)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && ILtQ[p, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0] && (EqQ[n, 2] || EqQ[p, -1])

Rule 3345

Int[(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_)*Sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)], x_Symbol] :> Int[ExpandIntegrand[Sin[c +
d*x], x^m*(a + b*x^n)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, m}, x] && ILtQ[p, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0] && (EqQ[n, 2] || EqQ
[p, -1]) && IntegerQ[m]

Rule 3346

Int[Cos[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]*(x_)^(m_.)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Int[ExpandIntegrand[Cos[c +
d*x], x^m*(a + b*x^n)^p, x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, m}, x] && ILtQ[p, 0] && IGtQ[n, 0] && (EqQ[n, 2] || EqQ
[p, -1]) && IntegerQ[m]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{\left (a+b x^3\right )^2} \, dx &=-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{x^3 \left (a+b x^3\right )} \, dx}{3 b}+\frac {d \int \frac {\cos (c+d x)}{x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )} \, dx}{3 b}\\ &=-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {2 \int \left (\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{a x^3}-\frac {b \sin (c+d x)}{a \left (a+b x^3\right )}\right ) \, dx}{3 b}+\frac {d \int \left (\frac {\cos (c+d x)}{a x^2}-\frac {b x \cos (c+d x)}{a \left (a+b x^3\right )}\right ) \, dx}{3 b}\\ &=-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}+\frac {2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{a+b x^3} \, dx}{3 a}-\frac {2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{x^3} \, dx}{3 a b}-\frac {d \int \frac {x \cos (c+d x)}{a+b x^3} \, dx}{3 a}+\frac {d \int \frac {\cos (c+d x)}{x^2} \, dx}{3 a b}\\ &=-\frac {d \cos (c+d x)}{3 a b x}+\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a b x^2}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}+\frac {2 \int \left (-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a^{2/3} \left (-\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a^{2/3} \left (-\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a^{2/3} \left (-\sqrt [3]{a}-(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}\right ) \, dx}{3 a}-\frac {d \int \left (-\frac {\cos (c+d x)}{3 \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \cos (c+d x)}{3 \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \cos (c+d x)}{3 \sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}\right ) \, dx}{3 a}-\frac {d \int \frac {\cos (c+d x)}{x^2} \, dx}{3 a b}-\frac {d^2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{x} \, dx}{3 a b}\\ &=\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a b x^2}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{-\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}-\frac {2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{-\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}-\frac {2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{-\sqrt [3]{a}-(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}+\frac {d \int \frac {\cos (c+d x)}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt [3]{-1} d\right ) \int \frac {\cos (c+d x)}{\sqrt [3]{a}+(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\left ((-1)^{2/3} d\right ) \int \frac {\cos (c+d x)}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {d^2 \int \frac {\sin (c+d x)}{x} \, dx}{3 a b}-\frac {\left (d^2 \cos (c)\right ) \int \frac {\sin (d x)}{x} \, dx}{3 a b}-\frac {\left (d^2 \sin (c)\right ) \int \frac {\cos (d x)}{x} \, dx}{3 a b}\\ &=-\frac {d^2 \text {Ci}(d x) \sin (c)}{3 a b}+\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a b x^2}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}-\frac {d^2 \cos (c) \text {Si}(d x)}{3 a b}+\frac {\left (d^2 \cos (c)\right ) \int \frac {\sin (d x)}{x} \, dx}{3 a b}-\frac {\left (2 \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{-\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}+\frac {\left (d \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\left (2 \cos \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{-\sqrt [3]{a}-(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt [3]{-1} d \cos \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{\sqrt [3]{a}+(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\left (2 \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sin \left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{-\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}+\frac {\left ((-1)^{2/3} d \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\cos \left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\left (d^2 \sin (c)\right ) \int \frac {\cos (d x)}{x} \, dx}{3 a b}-\frac {\left (2 \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{-\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}-\frac {\left (d \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\left (2 \sin \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\cos \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{-\sqrt [3]{a}-(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}-\frac {\left (\sqrt [3]{-1} d \sin \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sin \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{\sqrt [3]{a}+(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\left (2 \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\cos \left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{-\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{5/3}}-\frac {\left ((-1)^{2/3} d \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )\right ) \int \frac {\sin \left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{9 a^{4/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\\ &=\frac {(-1)^{2/3} d \cos \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Ci}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {d \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Ci}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}-\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} d \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Ci}\left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 \text {Ci}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right ) \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \text {Ci}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right ) \sin \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {2 (-1)^{2/3} \text {Ci}\left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right ) \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 a b x^2}-\frac {\sin (c+d x)}{3 b x^2 \left (a+b x^3\right )}+\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{-1} \cos \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {(-1)^{2/3} d \sin \left (c+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}-d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 \cos \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {d \sin \left (c-\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}+\frac {2 (-1)^{2/3} \cos \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{5/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\sqrt [3]{-1} d \sin \left (c-\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}\right ) \text {Si}\left (\frac {(-1)^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{a} d}{\sqrt [3]{b}}+d x\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{2/3}}\\ \end {align*}

________________________________________________________________________________________

Mathematica [C]  time = 0.23, size = 406, normalized size = 0.55 \[ -\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \text {RootSum}\left [\text {$\#$1}^3 b+a\& ,\frac {-2 \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-i \text {$\#$1} d \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-2 i \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))+\text {$\#$1} d \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))+2 i \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-\text {$\#$1} d \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-2 \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-i \text {$\#$1} d \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))}{\text {$\#$1}^2}\& \right ]+\left (a+b x^3\right ) \text {RootSum}\left [\text {$\#$1}^3 b+a\& ,\frac {-2 \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))+i \text {$\#$1} d \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))+2 i \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))+\text {$\#$1} d \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Ci}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-2 i \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-\text {$\#$1} d \sin (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))-2 \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))+i \text {$\#$1} d \cos (\text {$\#$1} d+c) \text {Si}(d (x-\text {$\#$1}))}{\text {$\#$1}^2}\& \right ]-6 b x \sin (c+d x)}{18 a b \left (a+b x^3\right )} \]

Warning: Unable to verify antiderivative.

[In]

Integrate[Sin[c + d*x]/(a + b*x^3)^2,x]

[Out]

-1/18*((a + b*x^3)*RootSum[a + b*#1^3 & , ((-2*I)*Cos[c + d*#1]*CosIntegral[d*(x - #1)] - 2*CosIntegral[d*(x -
#1)]*Sin[c + d*#1] - 2*Cos[c + d*#1]*SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)] + (2*I)*Sin[c + d*#1]*SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)] +
d*Cos[c + d*#1]*CosIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*#1 - I*d*CosIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*Sin[c + d*#1]*#1 - I*d*Cos[c + d*#1]*
SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*#1 - d*Sin[c + d*#1]*SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*#1)/#1^2 & ] + (a + b*x^3)*RootSum[a + b*
#1^3 & , ((2*I)*Cos[c + d*#1]*CosIntegral[d*(x - #1)] - 2*CosIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*Sin[c + d*#1] - 2*Cos[c + d*
#1]*SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)] - (2*I)*Sin[c + d*#1]*SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)] + d*Cos[c + d*#1]*CosIntegral[d*(x -
#1)]*#1 + I*d*CosIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*Sin[c + d*#1]*#1 + I*d*Cos[c + d*#1]*SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*#1 - d*Sin
[c + d*#1]*SinIntegral[d*(x - #1)]*#1)/#1^2 & ] - 6*b*x*Sin[c + d*x])/(a*b*(a + b*x^3))

________________________________________________________________________________________

fricas [C]  time = 0.91, size = 673, normalized size = 0.92 \[ \frac {12 \, a d x \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + {\left ({\left (b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (-i \, b x^{3} - i \, a\right )} + a\right )} \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (2 \, b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (2 i \, b x^{3} + 2 i \, a\right )} + 2 \, a\right )} \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} {\rm Ei}\left (-i \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (-i \, \sqrt {3} - 1\right )}\right ) e^{\left (\frac {1}{2} \, \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (i \, \sqrt {3} + 1\right )} - i \, c\right )} + {\left ({\left (b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (-i \, b x^{3} - i \, a\right )} + a\right )} \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (2 \, b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (2 i \, b x^{3} + 2 i \, a\right )} + 2 \, a\right )} \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} {\rm Ei}\left (i \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (-i \, \sqrt {3} - 1\right )}\right ) e^{\left (\frac {1}{2} \, \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (i \, \sqrt {3} + 1\right )} + i \, c\right )} + {\left ({\left (b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (i \, b x^{3} + i \, a\right )} + a\right )} \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (2 \, b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (-2 i \, b x^{3} - 2 i \, a\right )} + 2 \, a\right )} \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} {\rm Ei}\left (-i \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (i \, \sqrt {3} - 1\right )}\right ) e^{\left (\frac {1}{2} \, \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (-i \, \sqrt {3} + 1\right )} - i \, c\right )} + {\left ({\left (b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (i \, b x^{3} + i \, a\right )} + a\right )} \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} + {\left (2 \, b x^{3} + \sqrt {3} {\left (-2 i \, b x^{3} - 2 i \, a\right )} + 2 \, a\right )} \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} {\rm Ei}\left (i \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (i \, \sqrt {3} - 1\right )}\right ) e^{\left (\frac {1}{2} \, \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} {\left (-i \, \sqrt {3} + 1\right )} + i \, c\right )} - 2 \, {\left ({\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} + 2 \, {\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} {\rm Ei}\left (i \, d x + \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) e^{\left (i \, c - \left (-\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} - 2 \, {\left ({\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} + 2 \, {\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} {\rm Ei}\left (-i \, d x + \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) e^{\left (-i \, c - \left (\frac {i \, a d^{3}}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{36 \, {\left (a^{2} b d x^{3} + a^{3} d\right )}} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(sin(d*x+c)/(b*x^3+a)^2,x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

1/36*(12*a*d*x*sin(d*x + c) + ((b*x^3 + sqrt(3)*(-I*b*x^3 - I*a) + a)*(I*a*d^3/b)^(2/3) + (2*b*x^3 + sqrt(3)*(
2*I*b*x^3 + 2*I*a) + 2*a)*(I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*Ei(-I*d*x + 1/2*(I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) - 1))*e^(1/2*(I*a*d
^3/b)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) - I*c) + ((b*x^3 + sqrt(3)*(-I*b*x^3 - I*a) + a)*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(2/3) + (2*b*x^3 + s
qrt(3)*(2*I*b*x^3 + 2*I*a) + 2*a)*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*Ei(I*d*x + 1/2*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) - 1))*e^(1
/2*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) + 1) + I*c) + ((b*x^3 + sqrt(3)*(I*b*x^3 + I*a) + a)*(I*a*d^3/b)^(2/3) + (2*b
*x^3 + sqrt(3)*(-2*I*b*x^3 - 2*I*a) + 2*a)*(I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*Ei(-I*d*x + 1/2*(I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)*(I*sqrt(3) - 1
))*e^(1/2*(I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) - I*c) + ((b*x^3 + sqrt(3)*(I*b*x^3 + I*a) + a)*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(2/3
) + (2*b*x^3 + sqrt(3)*(-2*I*b*x^3 - 2*I*a) + 2*a)*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*Ei(I*d*x + 1/2*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)*(I*sq
rt(3) - 1))*e^(1/2*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)*(-I*sqrt(3) + 1) + I*c) - 2*((b*x^3 + a)*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(2/3) + 2*(b*x^3 +
a)*(-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*Ei(I*d*x + (-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*e^(I*c - (-I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)) - 2*((b*x^3 + a)*(I*a*d^3/
b)^(2/3) + 2*(b*x^3 + a)*(I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*Ei(-I*d*x + (I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3))*e^(-I*c - (I*a*d^3/b)^(1/3)))/(a^2*
b*d*x^3 + a^3*d)

________________________________________________________________________________________

giac [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \int \frac {\sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}^{2}}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(sin(d*x+c)/(b*x^3+a)^2,x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate(sin(d*x + c)/(b*x^3 + a)^2, x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

maple [C]  time = 0.05, size = 248, normalized size = 0.34 \[ d^{5} \left (\frac {\sin \left (d x +c \right ) \left (\frac {d x +c}{3 a \,d^{3}}-\frac {c}{3 a \,d^{3}}\right )}{\left (d x +c \right )^{3} b -3 c \left (d x +c \right )^{2} b +3 \left (d x +c \right ) b \,c^{2}+a \,d^{3}-b \,c^{3}}+\frac {2 \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R1} =\RootOf \left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}-3 c b \,\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 b \,c^{2} \textit {\_Z} +a \,d^{3}-b \,c^{3}\right )}{\sum }\frac {-\Si \left (-d x +\textit {\_R1} -c \right ) \cos \left (\textit {\_R1} \right )+\Ci \left (d x -\textit {\_R1} +c \right ) \sin \left (\textit {\_R1} \right )}{\textit {\_R1}^{2}-2 \textit {\_R1} c +c^{2}}\right )}{9 a \,d^{3} b}-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_RR1} =\RootOf \left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}-3 c b \,\textit {\_Z}^{2}+3 b \,c^{2} \textit {\_Z} +a \,d^{3}-b \,c^{3}\right )}{\sum }\frac {\Si \left (-d x +\textit {\_RR1} -c \right ) \sin \left (\textit {\_RR1} \right )+\Ci \left (d x -\textit {\_RR1} +c \right ) \cos \left (\textit {\_RR1} \right )}{\textit {\_RR1} -c}}{9 a \,d^{3} b}\right ) \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(sin(d*x+c)/(b*x^3+a)^2,x)

[Out]

d^5*(sin(d*x+c)*(1/3/a/d^3*(d*x+c)-1/3*c/a/d^3)/((d*x+c)^3*b-3*c*(d*x+c)^2*b+3*(d*x+c)*b*c^2+a*d^3-b*c^3)+2/9/
a/d^3/b*sum(1/(_R1^2-2*_R1*c+c^2)*(-Si(-d*x+_R1-c)*cos(_R1)+Ci(d*x-_R1+c)*sin(_R1)),_R1=RootOf(_Z^3*b-3*_Z^2*b
*c+3*_Z*b*c^2+a*d^3-b*c^3))-1/9/a/d^3/b*sum(1/(_RR1-c)*(Si(-d*x+_RR1-c)*sin(_RR1)+Ci(d*x-_RR1+c)*cos(_RR1)),_R
R1=RootOf(_Z^3*b-3*_Z^2*b*c+3*_Z*b*c^2+a*d^3-b*c^3)))

________________________________________________________________________________________

maxima [F]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \int \frac {\sin \left (d x + c\right )}{{\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}^{2}}\,{d x} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(sin(d*x+c)/(b*x^3+a)^2,x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(sin(d*x + c)/(b*x^3 + a)^2, x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

mupad [F]  time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \[ \int \frac {\sin \left (c+d\,x\right )}{{\left (b\,x^3+a\right )}^2} \,d x \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(sin(c + d*x)/(a + b*x^3)^2,x)

[Out]

int(sin(c + d*x)/(a + b*x^3)^2, x)

________________________________________________________________________________________

sympy [F(-1)]  time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \[ \text {Timed out} \]

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(sin(d*x+c)/(b*x**3+a)**2,x)

[Out]

Timed out

________________________________________________________________________________________